Beyond tariffs: Chinese state-owned enterprises in the trade war
Energie
While tariffs have been the most visible policy tool during the US-China trade war, anecdotal evidence points to the use of Chinese state-owned enterprises as a hidden lever of protectionism. This column presents new systematic evidence showing that state-owned enterprises drove a significant share of the decline in US exports to China in 2018–2019, especially in agriculture and industrial supplies, as well as in industries concentrated in Republican-leaning US states. These findings highlight
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