The US relies on a wide range of buyers of government bonds, including domestic institutions, foreign governments and its own central bank, to finance its growing deficits. A visualcapitalist.com analysis shows who finances the $39 trillion U.S. debt and how much of it is held by domestic and foreign investors, according to data provided by the Treasury, the U.S. Joint Economic Committee, and the Federal Reserve, as of March 19, 2026. Of the $39 trillion that makes up the United States' gross