In this episode of Huberman Lab Essentials, my guest is ⁠Dr. Karl Deisseroth, M.D., Ph.D.⁠, a clinical psychiatrist and professor of bioengineering and of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. We discuss his experiences as a clinician treating complex psychiatric conditions and his lab’s pioneering work in developing transformative therapies for mental illness. He explains the complexities of mental illness and how emerging technologies—such as optogenetics and brain-