Today in history: On June 21, 1788, the United States Constitution went into effect as New Hampshire became the required ninth state to ratify it. Also on this date: In 1834, Cyrus Hall McCormick received a patent for his mechanical reaper. In 1893, the first Ferris wheel opened to the public as part of the Chicago World’s Fair. In 1942, an Imperial Japanese submarine fired shells at Fort Stevens on the Oregon coast, but caused little damage. In 1954, scientists of the American Cancer Society