This accelerating technology and underutilized resource could reshape global energy geopolitics — meet the molten-salt reactor (MSR), fuelled by thorium-232. Using a molten salt liquid mixed with nuclear fuel derived from thorium-232 is not a new concept. It was demonstrated in the US Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the late 1960s. Instead of solid fuel rods, the MSRE circulated liquid fuel dissolved in hot salt, which served both as the reactor coolant