European packaging waste continues to rise sharply, with each EU citizen generating around 186 kilograms annually on average. Projections suggest total packaging consumption could increase by 19% by 2030, while plastic packaging alone may grow by nearly 46%, raising concerns over resource use, energy demand, and waste management systems. In response to these trends, the European Union has adopted the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), designed to reduce unnecessary packaging ,