To all intents and purposes, Russia believes that it is already at war with NATO allies. Although this has not yet escalated in a military way, it does mean that the Kremlin is able to allocate the finances and personnel it needs to conduct probing attacks of NATO’s defences , to identify its vulnerabilities and see where its red lines are. As a result, we have seen Russia waging an almost parallel war in Europe against NATO powers, taking place far from the frontlines. Acts of sabotage that