Russia’s ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine has changed the balance of power and the geopolitical context in the Neighbourhood East. As Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are looking at diversifying partnerships, China, Türkiye, and Iran are increasingly present in the region. The EU is repositioning itself in this new geopolitical landscape, not just as a normative actor but also as a geopolitical one. As a result, connectivity with Central Asia through the South