Elise Dermineur is an associate professor of economic history at Stockholm University. She specializes in early modern Europe, with a particular focus on the history of credit, debt, and financial practices. She is the author of Before Banks: The Making of Credit and Debt in Pre-Industrial France (Cambridge University Press, 2025), a study that explores credit networks and the role of social norms in economic life before the advent of institutional banking. Dermineur has published widely on