The sweeping new export controls China issued in October 2025, which cover much of the battery value chain, underscore the need for energy storage sovereignty in Europe. China made the move amid mounting turmoil in Europe’s battery sector marked by the bankruptcies of high-profile firms such as Northvolt and BMZ Germany. In response, DGAP’s Center for Geopolitics, Geoeconomics, and Technology has launched this series of memos that examines the geopolitics of batteries. Concerns over security