Chinese Academy of Sciences Mar 3 2025 Frostbite is a severe cold injury that affects millions worldwide, often resulting in prolonged recovery, scarring, and long-term complications such as chronic pain and dysfunction. The injury typically begins with cold-induced cell death, localized inflammation , and tissue ischemia, which disrupt the skin's ability to heal. Current therapies, such as calcium channel blockers, function limitedly in preventing scar formation and often fail to address the