Modern conflicts extend far beyond the battlefield. Alongside tanks and drones, they unfold in the information space, where narratives, algorithms, and digital platforms are used to mislead and manipulate audiences. The information space has become a critical arena where state-sponsored actors attempt to mislead and manipulate citizens by shaping public opinion, political choices, and even electoral outcomes. What’s new in the 4th EEAS Report on FIMI Threats The 4th EEAS Report on FIMI (Foreign