The greatest success of Russian operations in Poland is often not the act of sabotage itself but who is presented as the perpetrator. After most incidents the public message highlights a „Ukrainian citizen”; and in that moment the Kremlin achieves its objective: weakening social trust and fraying relations between Warsaw and Kyiv, effectively, with almost no direct military involvement. On one hand it is hard to claim that Ukrainians are the dominant perpetrators of attacks in Poland, given the