About 30 years ago, doctors in an Indian Health Service clinic in Tuba City, Arizona, told Jamescita Peshlakai that her health would be at risk if she continued her pregnancy. Peshlakai, who is a citizen of the Navajo Nation, had given birth before; her young daughter was a toddler. But this second pregnancy was nonviable, meaning that the fetus would not survive outside of the uterus. The physicians performed a dilation and curettage procedure, commonly known as a “D&C,” to remove the fetal