Tanzania's largest opposition force, Chadema, is boycotting the upcoming presidential election , citing a demand for fundamental electoral reforms. Meanwhile, Luhaga Mpina, the presidential candidate for the second-largest opposing party, the Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT-Wazalendo), has been disqualified by the Independent National Electoral Commission. Smaller registered parties exist, but historical data shows they rarely capture more than 5% of the vote. Consequently, genuine