The Gino Germani Institute of Social Sciences and Strategic Studies , an Italian think tank based in Rome and focused on countering disinformation, has presented its 2026 research paper, “ Antisemitism and Russian Active Measures from the Tsars to Putin ,” authored by researcher Massimiliano De Pasquale . The study, which traces developments from the era of the tsars through the Soviet period to the present day, argues that Russian antisemitism is not merely a relic of the past but an active