The Doomsday Clock, which is updated each year to represent how close humanity stands to complete catastrophe, has advanced four seconds to just 85 seconds before midnight – its nearest point ever. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, the organisation responsible for maintaining the Doomsday Clock, established it in 1947 to assess the likelihood of extinction from various threats. When this clock reaches midnight, it signifies that mankind has been unable to avert total destruction. The