A population survey by The Lancet puts the toll by early 2025 at least 25,000 higher than previously estimated The actual number of violent deaths in Gaza from the Israel-Hamas war substantially exceeded official figures, according to an independent population-based survey conducted during the conflict. The findings, published in The Lancet Global Health this week, suggest that the estimated number of conflict-related fatalities between October 7, 2023, and January 5, 2025, is around 35% higher