Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jewish lawyer, introduced the concept of genocide in his 1944 book, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, probably in response to Winston Churchill’s statement in 1941 as the Nazis were embarking on the mass murder of the Jewish population of Europe: “We are in the presence of a crime without a name.” Lemkin covered not only the Jewish Holocaust but also past examples of systematic attempts to erase defined groups of people, and there have been clear attempts at genocide in