Israel was confident it had defeated Hezbollah and set back its development by decades. However, the organisation adapted and effectively rebuilt its capabilities within just over a year. Following Hamas’s attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, Hezbollah began launching attacks on Israel from southern Lebanon. After nearly a year of cross-border exchanges of fire, Israel decided to launch an offensive in southern Lebanon. The Israeli strikes killed Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah along with