In the weeks since the October 8 cease-fire between Israel and Hamas, establishing and maintaining security in Gaza has become a crucial test. Already in the days after the deal was announced, Hamas began a campaign of violent retribution against rival groups as it sought to reconsolidate control over areas Israel had vacated. On October 19 the killing of two Israel Defense Force soldiers in Rafah prompted Israeli airstrikes. And on October 28, the killing of another IDF soldier and Hamas’s