On April 9, the 23rd anniversary of the day Saddam Hussein’s regime fell, the Iraqi government found itself confronting an acute political and security crisis. That day, a senior U.S. official summoned Iraq’s ambassador to condemn “egregious terrorist attacks by Iran-aligned militia groups launched from Iraqi territory against U.S. diplomatic personnel and facilities.” The governments of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait also summoned Iraqi diplomats with a similar complaint: These countries