Over the past year, American Jews have become less safe, have felt less safe, and have been making individual and group efforts to be safer. But who exactly is doing what to achieve that aim—and is anything working? The physical threat is real and growing, manifested in crimes against Jews that range from menacing to manslaughter. The New York Police Department alone clocked 200 anti-Jewish hate crimes in the first half of 2024, a 70 percent rise over the same period in 2023. According to the