Five decades ago, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin established the principle that Israel would not allow any country that calls for its destruction to acquire nuclear weapons. And beginning on June 13, it made good on this pledge. Over nearly two weeks, Israel attacked Iranian nuclear facilities in a campaign it dubbed Operation Rising Lion, seriously damaging dozens of sites across the country. Israel had bombed nuclear reactors before—in Iraq in 1981 and in Syria in 2007—but the Iranian