ISTANBUL The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) reports that nearly half of Muslims in EU member states experience discrimination and hate speech in their daily lives. A survey titled “Being Muslim in Europe: Experiences of Muslims,” conducted by the FRA with 9,600 Muslim participants from 13 EU member states, indicates a significant increase in racism and discrimination against Muslims between 2016 and 2022. The study reveals that discriminatory discourse and actions impact all aspects of