One reason leaders make mistakes is because they rely on bad information. Jost uses 17 case studies of decisions by leaders in China, India, Pakistan, and the United States to show that leaders get good information only when they create bureaucratic institutions capable of telling them the truth. Leaders tend to do this solely when they are politically secure. When Chinese leader Mao Zedong made a smart decision not to escalate a crisis over Taiwan in 1962 and Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari