Between 2014 and 2023, the number of foreign-trained doctors working in the Region grew by 58%, and foreign-trained nurses by 67%. In the same period, annual inflows – new entries into the health labour market – of doctors nearly tripled, and inflows of nurses increased 5-fold. Strikingly, most of these health professionals were trained outside Europe : 60% of doctors and 72% of nurses arriving in 2023 were trained outside the Region. “This is not just about numbers. Behind every migrating