Preliminary estimates of purchasing power parities (PPPs) and GDP for 2025 published by Eurostat show that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, expressed in purchasing power standards to account for price level differences, ranged between 68% of the EU average in Greece and Bulgaria and 239% in Luxembourg. The EU average itself stood at around EUR 41,600 in purchasing power terms, providing the common reference point against which all EU countries are measured. Romania’s GDP per capita