Emmanuel Macron’s updated French nuclear doctrine represents an unprecedented effort by Paris to coordinate with European partners as U.S. security commitments decline. Rym Momtaz, Sophia Besch, and Ulrich Kühn discuss France’s evolving role in European nuclear deterrence and the political and material credibility gaps that persist. [00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:17] Macron’s Update to France’s Nuclear Doctrine, [00:09:06] The Role of the Baltics in Europe’s Defense, [00:23:37] European Alternatives