Chinese Academy of Sciences Jun 24 2026 Reviewed Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), but their efficacy is often limited by drug resistance, severe off-target toxicity, and immune-related adverse events. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment frequently dampens these therapies' ability to spark a durable, body-wide immune response. Consequently, many tumors remain "cold" and unresponsive to advanced