Russia is rapidly reinforcing a multi-layered air defense network around Moscow, deploying more than 100 anti-aircraft systems to protect the capital from increasingly frequent Ukrainian drone strikes. According to an investigation by Radio Liberty based on OSINT satellite analysis, Russian forces have begun constructing an additional protective “ring” featuring Pantsir-S1 surface-to-air missile systems mounted on high-altitude towers. The first tower of this new defensive layer was geolocated