Among the many issues that helped propel Sanae Takaichi to power as Japan’s first female prime minister this fall, perhaps none is more politically charged or more important to Japan’s long-term future than immigration. During her campaign, Takaichi—a longtime member of the Japanese House of Representatives who won the leadership of the governing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)—took a stronger stance against immigration, appealing to conservative voters energized by a surge of nativist right-