North Korean military companies and Russian enterprises are cooperating to finance North Korea’s military and nuclear programs, providing significant revenue to the country’s budget. According to a report by the Citizens’ Alliance for North Korean Human Rights (NKHR) , between 2023 and 2025, at least USD 30 billion was transferred from Russia to Pyongyang. The North Korean side sent its soldiers to work in Russia, where they were employed, among other places, on construction sites, in meat