With unexpected harshness, the US reacted to the EU's attempt to become independent, transforming the old transatlantic alliance into a competition for resources and capital. If Europe thought it could build its fortress quietly, Washington has another plan. • 1. Tariff wall - response to the "Carbon Tax" The US considers European environmental taxes (CBAM) to be disguised trade barriers. The response came by activating customs tariffs under Section 301 of the US Trade Act. Washington is