Bioinspired artificial muscle filaments bend and twist with temperature changes
Raluca Maniță
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences May 8 2026 Nature is replete with slender filaments that bend and coil – from climbing grape vines, to folded proteins, to elephant trunks that can pick up a peanut but also take down a tree. Harvard scientists seeking to endow synthetic materials with this type of nature-inspired physical control have developed a 3D printing strategy that turns soft, hair-like filaments into programmable "artificial muscles" that bend, twist,
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