Chinese Neurosurgical Journal May 15 2026 Drug-resistant epilepsy affects millions of people worldwide and remains one of the most difficult neurological disorders to treat. For patients whose seizures continue despite medication, surgical removal of seizure-causing tissue can be effective. However, surgery is not always feasible, particularly when the epileptogenic zone overlaps with regions responsible for critical functions such as language or movement. Stereo-electroencephalography-guided