National Institutes of Health Feb 27 2025 NIH study reveals key players underlying disease onset and repair. Using an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have created a four-dimensional brain map that reveals how lesions similar to those seen in human MS form. These findings, published in Science , provide a window into the early disease state and could help identify potential targets for MS treatments and brain tissue repair. The