Sichuan University May 21 2026 Bone is continuously renewed through a process known as bone remodeling, in which osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) build new bone, while osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) remove older mineralized tissue. Maintaining the balance between these two cell types is essential for skeletal strength and fracture prevention. Disruption of this balance can lead to osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. Although vitamin K has long been associated with bone health,