Beijing Institute of Technology Jun 17 2026 The first, robot‑assisted osteotomy, uses an optical tracking system and a collaborative robotic arm to guide the bone saw. A hand‑eye calibration procedure determines the exact pose of the robot's end‑effector relative to a tracking marker. Intraoperatively, the surgeon traces the bone surface with an optical probe; the acquired point cloud is registered to the preoperative CT model using the Super4PCS algorithm. The robotic arm then moves a slotted