On 5 February, the conclusions of a simulation were presented. The exercise was conducted by German experts and assumed an attack by the Russian Federation on selected NATO member states. The conclusions drawn from the war-game are not optimistic for the Alliance. The simulation — a form of a war game — was carried out jointly by the German War Gaming Center at the Helmut Schmidt University of the Bundeswehr in Hamburg and the editorial team of the newspaper Die Welt . Participants included