University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science Jul 18 2025 As millions of people know firsthand, the most common side effect of mRNA vaccines like the COVID-19 shot is inflammation: soreness, redness and a day or two of malaise. But what if mRNA vaccines could be redesigned to sidestep that response altogether? In a new paper in Nature Biomedical Engineering , researchers at the University of Pennsylvania show that tweaking the structure of the ionizable lipid, a key

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