This paper analyzes how fiscal and macroprudential policies can jointly stabilize inflation, support output, and contain emissions after a surge in fossil fuel prices. In a New-Keynesian E-DSGE model with disaggregated energy sectors and banking frictions, we compare energy production subsidies, energy consumption subsidies, and carbon subsidies. While fiscal measures alone often raise carbon emissions, pairing them with sector-specific macroprudential tools -- taxes on dirty-energy loans or

Tag-uri: Inflatie