What will it take to achieve health for all in the face of striking inequalities, ever-increasing demand for resources, and rolling geopolitical and humanitarian crises? At the Nobel Week Dialogue 2025 in Gothenburg, we bring together Nobel Prize laureates, academics, innovators and policymakers to explore one of the most urgent challenges of our time: how to deliver equitable, effective, and sustainable healthcare in the 21st century. With a focus on the economics and politics of health, this