Kunming Medical University (KMU) Mar 9 2026 Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are commonly associated with visual disturbances and endocrine abnormalities; however, many patients also experience cognitive deficits, particularly in memory, attention, and executive function, which significantly affect quality of life. Despite increasing recognition of this burden, the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment remain unclear. Traditionally, cognitive changes have been attributed to tumor