After half a century of tyranny, the Assad family’s rule over Syria has come to an end. Syrians have every right to celebrate, but their struggle is nowhere near finished. Although the dictator Bashar al-Assad’s final ouster appeared abrupt, it had its roots in Syria’s 2011 antigovernment protests, and Syrians will now face many of the same problems that beset other Arab countries after their Arab Spring revolutions. These and previous Middle Eastern revolutions were initially led by a diverse