ISTANBUL Türkiye ’s fifth National Arctic Scientific Research Expedition has officially begun, with 12 scientists conducting 19 projects in the Arctic Ocean as part of the country’s growing polar research efforts. The expedition is being carried out under the auspices of the Turkish Presidency and led by the Industry and Technology Ministry in coordination with the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) MAM Polar Research Institute. The research team departed from