Pro-Kremlin disinformation tactics are again weaponising health fears in Africa, echoing deadly Cold War-era campaigns that once fuelled HIV/AIDS denial. Conspiracy theories and disinformation about mpox mirror decades-old propaganda playbooks. We uncover why exposing disinformation that preys on health scares is necessary to combat the spread of deadly diseases alongside delivering vaccines. A new form of mpox appears Mpox is a virus related to smallpox , which is found mainly in Central and