The president of Goldman Sachs has roused the ire of local officials on Martha’s Vineyard after he allegedly flouted a town order and chopped down 19 trees that were blocking views at his lavish waterfront vacation home, The Post has learned. John Waldron — the Wall Street giant’s No. 2 executive who is seen as the likely successor to CEO David Solomon — sparked a fracas last spring when the alleged violation was discovered on their sprawling four-acre estate near Katama Bay, the quaint