After hearing his wife scream while hiking, American scientist Fred Ramsdell thought she spotted a grizzly bear. But, having just switched on her phone, she had discovered he had won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, one of the most coveted prizes in science. Mr Ramsdell won the medicine award on Monday, along with American scientist Mary Brunkow and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan, for their work on how the immune system spares healthy cells. However, the Nobel Assembly were unable to