Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Oct 8 2025 Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Men are around four times more likely to develop it than women, and smoking is the main known environmental risk factor. However, the biological mechanisms behind these risk factors remain unclear. Since cancer can take decades to develop, it is important to look at healthy tissues to understand the very first steps of the disease, with the goal of improving risk